Manna – Bread from Heaven by Pawel Rytel-Andrianik

Author:Pawel Rytel-Andrianik [Rytel-Andrianik, Pawel]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Peter Lang AG
Published: 2017-03-04T00:00:00+00:00

The precise differences from and similarities to these texts to Jn 6:31 will be investigated below, in order to establish which one of them is used in Jn 6:31 and from which version (the Hebrew or the Greek) it is taken.

1.1 Ex 16:4ab

There are some similarities between the Hebrew text of Ex 16:4 and Jn 6:31, namely, the expression ~ymXh !m ~xl, which may have been translated literally from the Hebrew Vorlage as a;rton evk tou/ ouvranou/. However, there are six differences between this possible source and our verse, some of which are significant.244 To begin, in Ex 16:4, the subject of the verb is explicitly mentioned, while in Jn 6:31 the subject is implied. There is also divergence in the verb used, with the Hebrew saying “to rain” and the Greek reading “to give.” They also each use different tenses; in HB the participle indicates the present tense, whereas the phrase in the Gospel uses the aorist, suggesting the past tense. Furthermore in the Hebrew text, the verb “to eat” is absent, and the personal pronoun also differs between these two texts: in the HB, it is 2 m. pl. but in Jn 6:31 it is 3 m. pl. The two texts do not agree in word order, though that can be explained as a translation technique, as well as a lack in the Fourth Gospel of an equivalent of the interjection particle hnh, which could have been intentionally omitted.

By comparison, the LXX text of Ex 16:4 and Jn 6:31 have in common the expression evk tou/ ouvranou/. However, they also differ on many points. With regards to the verb, they differ both in the verbal form and in the tense used. Also regarding verbs, in Ex 16:4, the infinitive fagei/n is absent; in Exodus the subject of the verb is expressed, while in FG the subject is implied. Indeed, different personal pronouns are used. Furthermore, if in Jn 6:31 the rare verb u[w were used, this ← 87 | 88 → would have suggested the Septuagint’s influence on the Fourth Gospel since the verb u[w occurs only in Ex 9:18; 16:4. However, the verb u[w is not used. In contrast, some late manuscripts of Ex 16:4 have the verb di,dwmi, which could even have been influenced by Jn 6:31.245 With regards to nouns there is no agreement between the number and the case of the noun “bread.” Finally, in the quotation in Jn 6:31 ivdou, is omitted, but since it comes at the beginning of the quotation, this should not be overemphasised.

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